Ciprofloxacin ni dawa ya antibiotiki jamii ya fluoroquinolone inayotumika kutibu maambukizi mbalimbali ya bakteria, wanaodhuriwa na dawa hii. Makala hii imezungumzia kuhusu Magonjwa yanayotibiwa na dawa hii, maudhi, Madhara, Usugu wa Bakteria, na Tahadhari kwa mtumiaji.
Magonjwa yanayotibika kwa ciprofloxacin
Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya maambukizi, hali na magonjwa yanayoweza kutibika kwa dawa ciprofloxacin, magonjwa yanatokana na mfumo ulioathirika;
Njia ya mkojo – yanayopelekea maumivu wakati waku kukojoa n.k
Mfumo wa Hewa – pneumonia, bronkaitisi, na baadhi ya wagonjwa wa kifua kikuu
Mfumo wa Chakula – kuhara kwa wasafiri, homa ya matumbo (taifod).
Ngozi na Tishu laini – vidonda vilivyoambukizwa, cellulitis.
Mifupa na Viungo – osteomyelitis.
Mfumo wa uzalianaji – hutumika mara chache kwa gonorrhea (lakini usugu ni mkubwa)
Mfumo wa hewa na ngozi- ugonjwa wa kimeta- Anthrax – hutumika kama kinga baada ya maambukizi.
Maudhi ya kawaida ya kutumia Ciprofloxacin
Baadhi ya Maudhi madogo yanayotokea sana yanaweza kujumuisha:
Kichefuchefu na kutapika
Kuharisha
Kizunguzungu au maumivu ya kichwa
Maumivu ya tumbo
Upele au kuwashwa
Maudhi makubwa (Madhara) ya kutumia Ciprofloxacin
Michomo na kupasuka kwa tendoni – hasa kwa wazee au wanaotumia dawa jamii ya kortikosteroid.
Uharibifu wa Neva (Mfumo wa pembeni wa neva) – Husababisha hisia za kufa ganzi, kuwaka moto au kuchoma.
Madhara kwa Ubongo (Mfumo wa kati wa fahamu) – Huleta dalili ya kuchanganyikiwa, mshtuko (seizures), au kuona vitu visivyokuwepo.
QT Prolongation – inaweza kusababisha mapigo ya moyo yasiyo ya kawaida.
Kuharisha kwa sababu ya uambukizo wa Clostridium difficile – huweza kusababisha hali kali ya kuharisha kali ugonjwa mkali wa kolaitiz( Michokinga kayika utumbo mpana).
Usugu wa bakteria kwenye Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin inapoteza ufanisi wake kwa sababu ya usugu wa bakteria, hasa katika:
Maambukizi ya Njia ya Mkojo: E. coli inaonyesha usugu wa 20-50% katika maeneo mengi.
Gono: Haitumiki tena mara nyingi kwa sababu ya usugu mkubwa (>50% katika nchi nyingi).
Homa ya Matumbo (taifod): Usugu unaongezeka barani Afrika na Asia Kusini.
Wakati gani unapaswa kumwona Daktari baada ya kutumia ciprofloxacin?
Tafuta msaada wa matibabu hara ikiwa unapata hali au dalili zifuatazo;
Maumivu au uvimbe wa tendoni – Hizi ni dalili za kupasuka kwa tendoni.
Hisia za kufa ganzi, kuwaka moto, au udhaifu – Hizi ni dalili za uharibifu wa neva.
Mapigo ya moyo yasiyo ya kawaida au maumivu ya kifua – dalili za matatizo ya moyo.
Hali kali ya kuharisha (Kuharisha damu au kuharisha kwa zaidi ya siku 3) – hizi ni dalili za maambukizi makali ya utumbo.
Mabadiliko ya akili (kuchanganyikiwa, kuona vitu visivyokuwepo, mshtuko) – hizi ni dalili za madhara ya dawa kwenye ubongo.
Tahadhari na hali zinazokufanya uepuke kutumia ciprofloxacin
Hali na magonjwa yafuatayo yanapaswa kukufanya usitumie ciprofloxacin mpaka utakapopata ushauri wa daktari wako.
Wajawazito na wanaonyonyesha – Cipro huweza kuathiri ukuaji wa mifupa ya mtoto.
Watoto walio chini ya miaka 18 – Cipro inaweza kusababisha matatizo ya mifupa na tendoni.
Wagonjwa wa Myasthenia Gravis – Cipro inaweza kuongeza udhaifu wa misuli.
Wagonjwa wenye historia ya kifafa au mshtuko wa moyo – CIpro inaweza kuchochea mshtuko wa moyo.
Watumiaji wa kortikosteroid – wana hatari kubwa ya kupasuka kwa tendoni endapo watatumia ciprofloxacin.
Wagonjwa wenye magonjwa ya moyo (haswa wenye ongezeko la QT) – kuna hatari ya kupata mapigo ya moyo yasiyo ya kawaida.
Hitimisho
Ciprofloxacin ni antibiotiki yenye ufanisi kwa maambukizi mengi, lakini inapaswa kutumiwa kwa tahadhari kutokana na usugu wa bakteria kwenye dawa hii na madhara makubwa yanayoweza kutokea.
Rejea za mada hii
Sherman O, et al. Possible ciprofloxacin-induced acute cholestatic jaundice. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28: 1162-4.
Orman ES, et al; DILIN Research Group. Clinical and histopathologic features of fluoroquinolone-induced liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 517-23.e3.
Zimmerman HJ. Quinolones. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999. p 603. (Expert review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 mentions that cinoxacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin are associated with minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and with rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury).
Moseley RH. Fluoroquinolones. Hepatotoxicity of antimicrobial and antifungal agents. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. p. 468-9. (Review of hepatotoxicity of antibiotics mentions that hepatocellular and cholestatic forms of injury have been reported due to the quinolones, including cases of ductopenia, acute liver failure and death).
MacDougall C. The quinolones. Sulfonamides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, and agents for urinary tract infections. In, Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 1015-8. (Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).
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