Dawa ya gono sugu

Gono sugu ni aina ya gono isiyosikia dawa mbalimbali za antibiotiki ambazo awali zilikuwa zinauwezo wa kutibu ugonjwa. Kwa jinsi miaka inavyoenda, kimelea kinachosababisha gono kimetengeneza usugu dhidi ya dawa mbalimbali za antibiotiki jamii ya sulfonamide (mfano sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim), penicillin (mfano Pen G, Pen V , Flucloxacillin, amoxicillin, Ampicillin), tetracyclines ( mfano Tetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline) na fluoroquinolones( mfano ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin n.k).

Visa vya hivi karibuni vinaonyesha kimelea Neisseria gonorrhoeae. kuwa sugu kwenye dawa jamii ya cephalosporins (mfano ceftriaxon, cefixime n.k), kundi la dawa daraja la kwanza kwa sasa katika matibabu ya gono.

Usugu huu mara nyingi husababishwa na matumizi mabaya au yasiyo kamili ya dawa za kuua bakteria, ambazo awali zilikuwa zikiua kimelea anayesababishi gono yaani Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Orodha ya dawa ya gono sugu

Kwa sasa, tiba nzuri ya gono sugu inategemea majibu ya kipimo cha usikivu wa bakteria kwenye dawa husika. Kipimo hiki hutambua dawa gani inauwezo wa kuua bakteria kisababishi cha gono. Hata hivyo WHO na CDC wanapendekeza mchanganyiko wa miongoni mwa dawa zifuatazo katika matibabu ya gono sugu;

• Ceftriaxone

• Azithromycin

Dawa zingine zinazopendekezwa kwa gono sugu katika baadhi ya nchi ni;

1. Spectinomycin

2. Cefotaxime

3. Gentamicin

Dawa zilizo kwenye majaribio kwa gono sugu

Dawa ambayo bado ipo kwenye majaribio na inaonekana kuwa na uwezo wa kutibu gono iliyo sugu ni Zoliflodacin.

Mambo muhimu kuhusu matibabu

• Usitumie dawa bila ushauri wa daktari.

• Epuka kutumia dawa za antibiyotiki kiholela ili kuepuka usugu wa dawa.

• Kama umepewa dawa, maliza dozi yote hata kama dalili zimepotea.

• Mpenzi wako pia anatakiwa kupimwa na kutibiwa ili kuepuka maambukizi ya kujirudia.

Hitimisho

Ikiwa una dalili za gonorrhea sugu kama maumivu makali wakati wa kukojoa, usaha kwenye mkojo au uume, maumivu ya nyonga kwa wanawake, au homa, tafadhali nenda hospitali haraka kwa uchunguzi na matibabu sahihi.

Endapo una gono sugu, wasilaiana na daktari wako kufanya vipimo vya maabara ili kubaini dawa gani bado inafanya kazi dhidi ya bakteria wa gono uliyenaye badala ya kutumia dawa vibaya.

Rejea za mada hii

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2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update to CDC’s Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61(31):590-4.

3. 3. Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. 2013 Update. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/cgsti-ldcits/section-5-6-eng.php. Imechukuliwa 19.03.2025

4. World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen for which there are increasing antimicrobial resistance concerns: Neisseria gonorrhea. Available: www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/drugresist/IIAMRmanual.pdf . Imechukuliwa 19.03.2025

5. Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. July 2013. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/cgsti-ldcits/section-5-6-eng.php#footnote-t1. Imechukuliwa 15.03.2025

6. MacDonald NE, Stanbrook MB, Flegel K, et al. Gonorrhea: what goes around comes around. CMAJ 2011;183:1567.

7. Kondro W. Untreatable gonorrhea rampant. CMAJ 2012;184:E591.

8. Ison CA. Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections in the developed world: implications for rational treatment. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012;25:73-8.

9. Public Health Agency of Canada. Executive summary—report on sexually transmitted infections in Canada: 2009. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/sti-its-surv-epi/sum-som-eng.php . Imechukuliwa 15.03.2025

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2010. Available: www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/gonorrhea.htm. Imechukuliwa 15.03.2025

11. CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats18/STDSurveillance2018-full-report.pdf

12. Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 1999;75:3–17.

13. CDC. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/threats-report/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf. Imechukuliwa 15.03.2025

14. Workowski KA, Berman S; CDC. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59(No. RR-12).

15. Bradford PA, et al. An Oral Spiropyrimidinetrione Antibiotic for the Treatment of Neisseria gonorrheae, Including Multi-Drug-Resistant Isolates. ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 12;6(6):1332-1345. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00021. Epub 2020 May 12. PMID: 32329999.