Upimaji wa mimba kwa mkojo: Ufafanuzi wa majibu

Swali la msingi

Habari daktari, naomba kufahamu namna ya kutafsiri kipimo cha mimba.

Majibu

Kutafsiri kipimo cha mimba cha mkojo kunamaanisha kuelewa matokeo ya kipimo kinachotumika kubaini iwapo mwanamke ni mjamzito kwa kuchunguza uwepo wa homoni ya hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) katika mkojo. Hii ni homoni inayozalishwa mwilini mwanamke anapopata mimba na huitwa homoni ya mimba.

Aina za kipimo cha mimba cha mkojo

1. Kifaa cha kijiti au njuti

2. Kipima mkojo wa kati (unayokojoa moja kwa moja juu yake)

3. Kaseti( unahitaji kudondoshea mkojo kwa kutumia kidondosheo au sindano ndogo)

Jinsi ya kusoma matokeo

Kipimo huwa na sehemu mbili:

• Mstari wa kudhibiti (C ): Lazima uonekane ili kuthibitisha kuwa kipimo kinafanya kazi.

• Mstari wa majaribio (T ): Huonesha matokeo ya ujauzito.

1. Matokeo Chanya (Positive)

• Mstari mmoja kwenye "C" na

• Mstari mwingine, hata kama ni hafifu, kwenye "T"

  Hii ina maana mjamzito.

2. Matokeo Hasi (Negative)

• Mstari mmoja tu kwenye "C"

• Hakuna mstari kwenye "T"

  Hii ina maana haujapata mimba (sio mjamzito).

3. Matokeo batili

Hakuna mstari kwenye "C", hata kama "T" ina mstari. Kipimo hakifanyi kazi vizuri , pengine hakikufanyika sawa au kipimo ni kibovu. Unashauriwa kurudia kipimo kingine.

Vidokezo muhimu

• Fanya kipimo asubuhi mapema wakati hCG iko kwa kiasi cha juu kwenye mkojo.

• Usitumie kipimo kilichopita muda wake wa matumizi.

• Soma maelekezo ya kipimo unachotumia kwa makini, maana aina tofauti zinaweza kutofautiana kidogo.

• Ikiwa una shaka au kipimo kinaonyesha mstari hafifu sana, rudia baada ya siku 2–3 au nenda hospitali kwa kipimo cha damu cha hCG ambacho ni sahihi zaidi.

Rejea za mada hii:

1. Cole LA. The utility of six over-the-counter (home) pregnancy tests. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;49(8):1317–22.

2. Gronowski AM. Reproductive hormone testing. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, editors. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2017. p. 770–90.

3. Butler SA, Khanlian SA, Cole LA. Detection of early pregnancy forms of human chorionic gonadotropin by home pregnancy test devices. Clin Chem. 2001;47(12):2131–6.

4. Braunstein GD, Rasor J, Adler D, Danzer H, Wade ME. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels throughout normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976;126(6):678–81.

5. Gnoth C, Johnson S. Strips of hope: accuracy of home pregnancy tests and new developments. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2014;74(7):661–9.

6. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Pregnancy Test [Internet]. MedlinePlus; 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 17]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/

7. World Health Organization (WHO). Diagnostic accuracy of urine pregnancy tests in health centers. Geneva: WHO; 2009.