Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Introduction
Urinary tract infections may involve the upper or lower urinary tract. Infections may be complicated or uncomplicated. Uncomplicated cystitis is a lower UTI in a non-pregnant woman of reproductive age and who has a normal urinary tract. All other UTIs should be regarded as complicated.
Note:
•Differentiation of upper from lower urinary tract infection in young children is not possible on clinical grounds
•Upper UTI is a more serious condition and requires longer and sometimes intravenous treatment. To be summarized and refined; see also Obstetric/Gynecology
Risk factors
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic criteria
• Flank pain/tenderness
• Temperature 380C or higher
• Tachypnoea, tachycardia, confusion, and, hypotension
• Vomiting
Investigation
• Urine microscopy
• Culture and sensitivity
• Ultrasound (kidney and pelvis)to exclude stones and structural abnormalities
Management
-
Pharmacological
- Acute pyelonephritis
• Ciprofloxacin 500 mg (PO) 12 hourly for 7 days
Uncomplicated cystitis
Adults:
• Ciprofloxacin 500 mg (PO) as single dose Complicated cystitis
Adults:
• Ciprofloxacin 500 mg (PO) 12 hourly for 7 days For pregnant women and adolescents:
• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg (PO) 12 hourly for 7 days
-
Non-pharmacological
- • Ensure adequate hydration
Prevention
Updated on,
23 Novemba 2020, 11:59:21
References
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